Taurine is an amino-acid like compound that is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the lower intestines. The name taurine originates from the Latin taurus, meaning bull or ox, as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by two German scientists. As a component of bile acids, taurine helps absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins. It also helps regulate heart beat, maintain cell membrane stability and prevent brain cell over-activity.
As a sulphur-containing compound, taurine plays numerous roles in the physiological balance of the human body. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been implicated in various physiological phenomena. It is also an antioxidant, protecting the body against toxins such as lead and cadmium. Moreover, taurine is necessary for normal skeletal muscle functioning. Since the early 1980’s, taurine is thought to be a dietary essential nutrient for babies and has been added to many infant formulas. However, no clear studies indicate that the added taurine is beneficial or necessary.
There has been evidence showing that taurine is valuable for adult human blood pressure and possibly, the alleviation of other cardiovascular disorders. A recent study conducted in 2008 proved that taurine supplementation helped lower the secretion of bad cholesterols and lipids which are major risk factors of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Furthermore, taurine has been shown to help people with congestive heart failure by increasing the force and effectiveness of heart-muscle contractions.
The human body is capable of producing taurine from the amino acids methionine and cysteine; thus, it is considered to be non-essential. Taurine can also be consumed as it is commonly found in meats, fish, eggs and dairy products. It should be noted that the levels of taurine are significantly lower in vegans who often do not consume foods containing taurine. For medical treatments, doctors typically recommend 1.5 grams to as much as 6 grams or more per day.
References:
(1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurine
(2) http://www.puritan.com/pages/healthnotes.asp
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